Monday, February 16, 2015

il Mio Pranzo Italiano Domenicale (My Italian Sunday Dinner)

When my family celebrates a special day , event or milestone, I quickly begin to plan an Italian Dinner that will unite us all together  for that special day. My dinner generally or almost always reflects my Italian Mamma's Italian Sunday "Pranzo"that I had every single Sunday when I was a child. and even after I was married my husband and I would religiously go to my parent's house to have "Il Pranzo Domenicale" with the rest of my siblings (5 brothers) and their families) . For thirty years of my life I remember only one Sunday when my Mamma did not prepare Sunday dinner when she was ill. For the other ten years before she died at 78 years of age, Mamma would at times cry because she could not make her family the traditional Italian Sunday Dinner because she could not remember the recipes she had made hundreds of other times for us due to her degenerating disease of Altzeimer's and Parkinson's. Now, in honor and in memory of her, Vittoria Giannese, I lovingly try to continue to make meals as she did but certainly, not as naturally, as flawlessly, and as perfectly as she did but as lovingly as she did. I could never prepare meals on every Sunday as she did because I was a teacher and I could barely put a casual meal on the table on Sundays with all of the multitude of things to do on Sundays getting ready for another work week. As a French and Italian high school teacher, I would have six hours or more of paper correction alone. I want to parenthetically say that that does not diminish what my Mamma did but contrastively, augments.and distinguishes her selfless giving in this way to her large Famiglia. Infact, it must be noted that my Mamma made  dinners from scratch , not with processed but real food always,with a "Primo"and "Secondo" every single day. We never went to a restaurant until I was married. When I think back to all of these memories growing up Italian by Italian immigrant parents, I feel so grateful and blessed to have had such a childhood especially when I see how many of my students and children today come from so many broken and dysfunctional   homes. That is not to say that we did not have  our problems but  our faith, our family and our food kept us strong and well grounded. Before I begin to describe what a "Pranzo" would consist of, it must be stated that missing a Sunday "Pranzo" at Papa e Mamma 's was like missing Sunday Mass for me personally. I did not want to dishonor or disrespect my parents ever.!

Well, let's  get started in describing how I plan "Un Pranzo Italiano". First,  I decide on an Antipasto or food that comes before the meal such as Foccaccia with an array of cheeses and deli cuts such as Mortadella, Prosciutto Cotto or Salame all thinly cut and creatively folded on my Bellissimo Italian ceramic plate with "Sottoaceto" and "Sottolio" bowls surrounding the meats. Next, il "Primo Piatto" is served such as fresh Tagliatelle with Bolognese sauce or a Tuscan Ribollita soup with the freshest greens and vegetables in it all drizzled with the best extra-virgin olive oil  and the king of all cheeses as Mario Batalli would say....PARMIGIANO REGGIANO  freshly grated on top! The next part of the "Pranzo" is the "Secondo Piatto" which might be Veal alle Scaloppine with mushrooms and a "Contorno"  (side-dish) of roasted potatoes with fresh rosemary and sautéed broccoli rabe in garlic and EVOO. Certamente, select Italian wines complement each part of the meal such as a San Giovese  from  Emiglia Romagna or a Pinot Grigio from Friuli. To end "Il Bel Pranzo" I would perhaps begin with a dilectable "Macedonia"  (fresh fruit in season cut in small bite-size pieces with a touch of lemony sweetness, followed by a semi-freddo gelato with biscotti and mini Italian pastries accompanied by an espresso and digestive or Italian liqueur such as Amaretto di Saronno to aid the digestion of the sumptuous but wholesome meal." Acqua" wih lemon slices would also be served throughout the meal as well as  "Buonissimo"  Italian  rustic bread. Bread and Wine (Pane e Vino) must always be present  to symbolize  the Christian sacrificial meal of The Lord.

In essence, "Il Pranzo Domenicale" for me through my Catholic and Italian upbringing is a sacred tradition that was truly a gift to me by my dear parents all through my childhood which I remember so fondly that I want to continue replicating it to the best of my ability for my "Famiglia."  I now know that it is just not an Italian tradition but one that stems from the Christian civilization. Daniel Rabourdin states in his "Theology of the Table" that " the family meal is a sacred custom with a real beginning and a real end."  I agree with him that we have to treasure and maintain this social activity and bring it back to our families. I truly believe that if we begin serving our families at the table nightly or as regularly as we can, we will be able to heal little by little our brokenness in our families in this  very secular, relativistic and materialistic world. As Father Peyton said, " A family that prays together stays together." But I would add also that a family that prays and eats together, stays together,

BUON APPETITO!




Monday, January 12, 2015

TWO ORIGINS OF MY HOPE

My blog began with the intention to present all of the hopeful messages and contributions that come from Italy and its civilization and culture but now two years later and after a few challenges and sufferings in my life, I find myself talking more about my greatest hope which comes from Christ and my Catholic faith. I also now realize that my Catholic faith and my Italian cultural upbringing are often times inextricably linked. For example, the Eucharistic banquet of bread and wine ( the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass) which is the true body,blood, soul and divinity of Christ which was instituted at the Last Supper can be tied to my daily family suppers which always included bread and wine at the table when I was a child growing up in an Italian home of first generation Italian immigrants. The Eucharist  at mass was my spiritual sustenance as bread and wine at home for supper was part of my corporeal sustenance. Both the earthly and more importantly, the heavenly food fed me like a queen with the best quality of spiritual and bodily nourishment I could ever receive! When I was born my dear Papa wrote a rhyme on a cake which he brought to the hospital which said: "E nata la Regina e la chiameremo Dorina."  (A queen has been born to us and we will call her Dorina.)
Dorina means "little golden one" in Italian but from its Greek and Latin origins, it means  "gift of God". I feel so humble knowing that, but the greatest gift of God to me was sending His only Son, Jesus Christ to give me the greatest hope, that of bringing me eternal life. If we choose Jesus as our Lord and Savior, we can be saved and  receive His true presence  when we receive communion at daily or Sunday Mass or when we go to adore Him at Eucharistic Adoration. If people only knew what the sacrifice of the Mass and Eucharistic Adoration really are......as Heaven on this Earth, we would all fall to our knees in Thanksgiving to God for these most precious gifts. Eucharist means"Thanksgiving". Mass which is the highest form of prayer for Catholics is where I can humbly thank God for sending His only Son to atone for all of my sins.

In future posts I will be talking about other subjects that reflect a spiritual and cultural tie that came to me through grace,experience, wisdom, and knowledge of my Italian and Catholic heritage. The topics are endless and I am excited to continue to talk to you about the two topics of my Italian and Catholic heritages that are now converging to be present in this blog of mine under the overriding theme of HOPE/LA SPERANZA.

Wednesday, January 7, 2015

Hope Through Difficulties

We want to be self-reliant but we need to take an introspective look and ask for help if we are suffering. Jesus offers us hope so that we can be free. We need to be able to feel and express what we feel whether it is pain,failure or anxiety. We need to look at ourselves and not repeat the same thing or be defensive. When we are suffering, it is a sign to let God in. Be at peace with your self-evaluation and then get help. We are made to work with others. Our crosses draw us near to God so God allows difficulties so that we can get closer to Him. Jesus wants us to come in to our place of wounding and when we are filled with Him then we can  be healed and resolve our problems with strength, hope, determination,drive, and perseverance.
We cannot fix things on our own. We need to be resourceful and use strategies and get help from others as we help others when they need us.
We cannot deny our difficulties. We have to work through them and we need to persevere. We need to be humble and be at peace. In this way, the virtues of the Holy Spirit will be with us with more joy, peace, trust, hope, and courage. We need to have a growth mindset not a fixed mindset in order to succeed or to overcome our obstacles, to never give up! When we fall down in our difficulties and suffering, we need to use it as a process of healing and grace and try again in moving forward little by little.
Galatians 5:22
We need to process our difficulties and sufferings and we can begin to discover and heal them.
Others  can make it through others who have experienced what you have experienced so they can help you better because they have been there where you are at. That  holy person can be a contagion to you.  You can be a Eucharist to others and they can be a Eucharist to you. To doubt is OK to fear is OK. God is always working in us .Life is a process of healing and God's plan will provide continual hope and healing through His grace. To lose hope is a sin. But God does hear the cry of the poor and we must stay strong.
We need to go forward with joy and hope through our challenges of life.


.
You became imitators of us and of the Lord, for you welcomed the message in the midst of severe suffering with the joy given by the Holy Spirit.

1 Thessalonians 1-5

Sunday, January 4, 2015

Prayer Font of Hope

Prayer is the basis of Hope! Turning to my Catholic faith through the Blessed Mother,devotions and novenas, the communion of Saints,the Bible, Eucharistic Adoration, the Sacraments with the Eucharist as the summit of Catholicism helps me to focus on the promise of Heaven as I go through the joys but especially the trials and tribulations of life. Being Ill is not a punishment or our fault. God  can use it for His glory. By God's power we are made strong from our weakness. God can use our sufferings for His glory. My prayer life  guides everything I do and sustains my faith with  courage, perseverance and most importantly,with  HOPE. My personal relationship with Christ is an ongoing journey that continues to grow especially through the greatest prayer of all...the blessed sacrifice of the mass.  The everlasting love that God has for me and for all of humanity is what sustains me and gives me inexhaustible hope.The Blessed Mother is my intercessor to Jesus through the praying of the rosary daily.  So, the theological virtue of Hope which inspires my every thought and deed springs forth first and foremost from God through unceasing prayer.

 1 Thessalonians 5:17, St. Paul “Pray without ceasing”.  


O Jesus,
through the Immaculate Heart of Mary,
I offer You my prayers, works,
joys and sufferings
of this day for all the intentions
of Your Sacred Heart,
in union with the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass
throughout the world,
in thanksgiving for your favors,
in reparation for my sins,
for the intentions of all my relatives and friends,
and in particular
for the intentions of the Holy Father. Amen.
Prayer found in Catholic Exchange .com

Tuesday, August 19, 2014

My Hero Pinocchio of Carlo Lorenzini



The story of Pinocchio is about a wooden puppet carved by a friendly and lonely man called Geppetto .  Pinocchio, the puppet made out of pine comes alive but has to learn how to love in order to become fully human.  The Blue Fairy who represents the supernatural realm brings the puppet to life because Geppetto loves children and never had a son of his own. The Blue Fairy tells Pinocchio that he cannot become a real boy until he proves his worthiness. A talking cricket, Il Grillo,Parlante accompanies Pinocchio as his conscience, telling him right from wrong and warning him that his bad decisions and actions have severe consequences.
Pinocchio learns many lessons through all his mischievousness. The first lesson we learn as readers is that Geppetto is a very loving father who sacrifices for his son by selling his only jacket to provide a schoolbook for Pinocchio. Here  is the first example of sacrificial love that we witness in this supposedly innocuous children's tale. In each adventure or chapter of Pinocchio there is temptation, remorse, forgiveness, redemption and salvation. The adventures of Pinocchio teaches him how to become human or in other words, teaches him how to truly love and  he learns to truly love through the noble actions of his self-sacrificing father, Geppetto and through the compassionate actions of his supernatural mother through the character of the Blue Fairy. One could say that Pinocchio is on a real journey on life's road to learn about Caritas (sacrificial love) , the same love that is the central theme in Dante's Divine Comedy as he journeys through hell, purgatory, and heaven in order to also ultimately learn how to love sacrificially or perfectly. Italians read Pinocchio as children and as older students they read Dante's Divine Comedy yet the overarching theme in both of these great works is how to love perfectly.

So many of the deadly sins are supplanted in the character of Pinocchio and as I observed my own children growing up, I would always humorously point out to my students how my own children would act just like Pinocchio with his naïveté, with his innocence and with his concupiscence.
I find then a law, that when I have a will to do good, evil is present with me. For I am delighted with the law of God, according to the inward man: but I see another law in my members, fighting against the law of my mind, and captivating me in the law of sin, that is in my members. Unhappy man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this death? (Romans 7:21-25)
"Christ by His death redeemed mankind from sin and its bondage. In baptism the guilt of original sin is wiped out and the soul is cleansed and justified again by the infusion of sanctifying grace. But freedom from concupiscence is not restored to man, any more than immortality; abundant grace, however, is given him, by which he may obtain the victory over rebellious sense and deserve life everlasting."
Catholic Encyclopedia

 Sin is a condition in which we fail to grow in a fully human way. Pinocchio's negative behavior turns him always to himself and his own selfish needs and thus, his vices or sins, if you will, are  "deadly" because they take him from life to death or in eschatological terms, they could conceivably take him from eternal life to eternal damnation. Pinocchio's choices turn him away from his fullest humanity. Pinocchio has a free will that allows him to continually fail and to learn from his errors. He is continually restless and unsatisfied as he tests the muddy, tempting waters of life. Saint Augustine in his Confessions tells us that "God made us for Himself and our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee." Dante, in his Divine Comedy from the Middle Ages, organized the Mount of Purgatory into seven terraces which beginning with pride, the sinful mounted to expiate their sins and learn of their opposing virtues.  For example, the sinful in pride learn how to be humble or the sinful in sloth learn how to be charitable. Pinocchio learns with his intellect and his heart the same type of lessons that transform vice into virtue. The old monastic writers knew instinctively that to turn away from the isolation of self and to turn toward the other is to Love! It is better to give than to receive as Saint Francis of Assisi demonstrated so passionately in the way he lived his life which was totally Christocentric. He saw Jesus Christ in everyone and everything that God made in Creation. Pinocchio sees Christ in the paternal love that he unconditionally receives from his temporal father, Geppetto who always forgives him when he goes astray as well as seeing Christ in the maternal love that he unconditionally receives from the supernatural mother of the Blue Fairy who also forgives him when he errs from the straight and narrow path. She also helps to comfort him when he is suffering, encourages him even when she knows he is deviating from the right path and patiently waits to bring him home when he has lost his way. Pinocchio fears both his  natural father and supernatural mother but it is a good,filial fear that increases his hope in being transformed into a human being and ultimately, with temperance to avoid sin, and have perpetual life. 

Alla prossima ( Until next time) Tante belle cose to my Pinocchiophiles!

A Growth Mindset through Faith

I have always been a leader and self-reliant sort of person but when I take an introspective look at myself I realize that I cannot do anything without God. When I pray daily I realize that after I thank and praise the Lord I am forever asking Him for help. Jesus always offers me hope and that always makes me feel free. It is difficult to express failure or anxiety to others but to Jesus I can express all that I am feeling. My crosses have drawn me nearer to God so I know that God allows difficulties so that I can get closer to Him. Jesus has drawn me into his place of wounding and when I was filled with Him then and only then could I be healed and resolve my problems with strength, hope, determination, drive, and perseverance. I have always known that I cannot fix my problems on my own even though I am quite resourceful when I need to be using strategies and assistance from others to resolve my problems. The Church has always taught me that the process of healing needs the process of grace. When I have recognized my weakness is when I was able to persevere and to work through it. I need to pray for all of the virtues of the Holy Spirit with joy, hope, peace, trust, and courage.I need to have a growth mindset not a fixed mindset in order to succeed or to overcome my obstacles and NEVER GIVE UP! I always tell my students that when we fall down we need to use it as a learning lesson and try again in moving forward little by little. "Rome was not built in one day!"
We need to process our wounds so that we can begin to discover and heal them.Others can make it through others who have experienced what you have  experienced so they can help you better because they have been there where you are at. That person can be a contagion to you. You can be a Eucharist  to them and they can be a Eucharist to you! To doubt and to fear is healthy and normal. God is always working in us. Life is a process and God has a plan. To lose HOPE is a sin but God does hear the cry of the poor and we must stay strong! We need to go forward with joy through our challenges of life because LA VITA E BELLA!

Saturday, January 11, 2014

My Inspirational Spiritual Quotes Part II

These quotes from great minds and souls have inspired me to believe, to hope, and to love unremittingly through Christ!

The Breaking of the Bread is:
"The intersection between the secular world and God's kingdom ...it's a mystical moment."
T.S. Eliot

"The intersection of time with the timeless."
Robert Moynihan

The greatest gift I have been given as a child of God is the Eucharist.  It is when my earthly world meets with the eternal world. Jesus is truly present in me in an intimate way that transcends all the other ways God is present to me and I am at peace. When I am truly receptive and accept God's invitation to share in His Body and Blood, only then do I truly become united to Him and to my fellowman. I go to celebrate the sacrifice of the mass to be nourished spiritually and to offer my own sacrifices to the Lord.

Jesus is the new covenant by which our sins are forgiven. Ezekiel and Jeremiah both said that the old covenant had been broken. That is why Ezekiel and Jeremiah went into exile in Babylon and prophetized a new covenant. St. Paul tells us to go and stay firm to the new covenant in which our sins are forgiven when Christ institutes the Eucharist at the Last Supper. Christ said in the Upper Room two thousand years ago at the Last Supper:
 “This is the cup of my Blood, the Blood of the new and everlasting covenant; it will be shed for you and for all, for the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of me”.


"Man becomes the image of God not so much in the moment of solitude as in the moment of communion."
Theology of the Body - Pope John Paul II

The sacraments of the Holy Eucharist and Holy Matrimony give me the best moments of communion through the real presence of Jesus in the sacrifice of the mass and in the sacrifice of taking care of my husband and family daily. In imitating Christ's sacrificial and compassionate love for us toward my family and others I feel whole and one with Christ and in turn, I become little by little the image of God and what He wants me to be. Sacrifice is needed for us to be transformed in the image of God. Christ at the Last Supper offered bread and wine that was transformed in Calvary as a sacrifice so that we may have eternal life. We, too, together with the priest, the divine victim to the Father, can offer our sacrifices, pain, and tribulations as well as joys as a way to give praise and thanksgiving to Our Eternal Father as Christ did. How blessed I am to partake in these two most holy sacraments instituted by our Lord, Jesus Christ.

Here is a thorough explanation of what Catholics believe as the Eucharist.

http://www.catholic.com/tracts/christ-in-the-eucharist


"Protestant attacks on the Catholic Church often focus on the Eucharist. This demonstrates that opponents of the Church—mainly Evangelicals and Fundamentalists—recognize one of Catholicism’s core doctrines. What’s more, the attacks show that Fundamentalists are not always literalists. This is seen in their interpretation of the key biblical passage, chapter six of John’s Gospel, in which Christ speaks about the sacrament that will be instituted at the Last Supper. This tract examines the last half of that chapter. 
John 6:30 begins a colloquy that took place in the synagogue at Capernaum. The Jews asked Jesus what sign he could perform so that they might believe in him. As a challenge, they noted that "our ancestors ate manna in the desert." Could Jesus top that? He told them the real bread from heaven comes from the Father. "Give us this bread always," they said. Jesus replied, "I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me will never hunger, and whoever believes in me will never thirst." At this point the Jews understood him to be speaking metaphorically. 

Again and Again
Jesus first repeated what he said, then summarized: "‘I am the living bread which came down from heaven; if any one eats of this bread, he will live for ever; and the bread which I shall give for the life of the world is my flesh.’ The Jews then disputed among themselves, saying, ‘How can this man give us his flesh to eat?’" (John 6:51–52). 
His listeners were stupefied because now they understood Jesus literally—and correctly. He again repeated his words, but with even greater emphasis, and introduced the statement about drinking his blood: "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you; he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him" (John 6:53–56). 

No Corrections
Notice that Jesus made no attempt to soften what he said, no attempt to correct "misunderstandings," for there were none. Our Lord’s listeners understood him perfectly well. They no longer thought he was speaking metaphorically. If they had, if they mistook what he said, why no correction? 
On other occasions when there was confusion, Christ explained just what he meant (cf. Matt. 16:5–12). Here, where any misunderstanding would be fatal, there was no effort by Jesus to correct. Instead, he repeated himself for greater emphasis. 
In John 6:60 we read: "Many of his disciples, when they heard it, said, ‘This is a hard saying; who can listen to it?’" These were his disciples, people used to his remarkable ways. He warned them not to think carnally, but spiritually: "It is the Spirit that gives life, the flesh is of no avail; the words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life" (John 6:63; cf. 1 Cor. 2:12–14). 
But he knew some did not believe. (It is here, in the rejection of the Eucharist, that Judas fell away; look at John 6:64.) "After this, many of his disciples drew back and no longer went about with him" (John 6:66). 
This is the only record we have of any of Christ’s followers forsaking him for purely doctrinal reasons. If it had all been a misunderstanding, if they erred in taking a metaphor in a literal sense, why didn’t he call them back and straighten things out? Both the Jews, who were suspicious of him, and his disciples, who had accepted everything up to this point, would have remained with him had he said he was speaking only symbolically. 
But he did not correct these protesters. Twelve times he said he was the bread that came down from heaven; four times he said they would have "to eat my flesh and drink my blood." John 6 was an extended promise of what would be instituted at the Last Supper—and it was a promise that could not be more explicit. Or so it would seem to a Catholic. But what do Fundamentalists say? 

Merely Figurative?
They say that in John 6 Jesus was not talking about physical food and drink, but about spiritual food and drink. They quote John 6:35: "Jesus said to them, ‘I am the bread of life; he who comes to me shall not hunger, and he who believes in me shall never thirst.’" They claim that coming to him is bread, having faith in him is drink. Thus, eating his flesh and blood merely means believing in Christ. 
But there is a problem with that interpretation. As Fr. John A. O’Brien explains, "The phrase ‘to eat the flesh and drink the blood,’ when used figuratively among the Jews, as among the Arabs of today, meant to inflict upon a person some serious injury, especially by calumny or by false accusation. To interpret the phrase figuratively then would be to make our Lord promise life everlasting to the culprit for slandering and hating him, which would reduce the whole passage to utter nonsense" (O’Brien, The Faith of Millions, 215). For an example of this use, see Micah 3:3.
Fundamentalist writers who comment on John 6 also assert that one can show Christ was speaking only metaphorically by comparing verses like John 10:9 ("I am the door") and John 15:1 ("I am the true vine"). The problem is that there is not a connection to John 6:35, "I am the bread of life." "I am the door" and "I am the vine" make sense as metaphors because Christ is like a door—we go to heaven through him—and he is also like a vine—we get our spiritual sap through him. But Christ takes John 6:35 far beyond symbolism by saying, "For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed" (John 6:55). 
He continues: "As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so he who eats me will live because of me" (John 6:57). The Greek word used for "eats" (trogon) is very blunt and has the sense of "chewing" or "gnawing." This is not the language of metaphor. 

Their Main Argument
For Fundamentalist writers, the scriptural argument is capped by an appeal to John 6:63: "It is the spirit that gives life, the flesh is of no avail; the words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life." They say this means that eating real flesh is a waste. But does this make sense? 
Are we to understand that Christ had just commanded his disciples to eat his flesh, then said their doing so would be pointless? Is that what "the flesh is of no avail" means? "Eat my flesh, but you’ll find it’s a waste of time"—is that what he was saying? Hardly. 
The fact is that Christ’s flesh avails much! If it were of no avail, then the Son of God incarnated for no reason, he died for no reason, and he rose from the dead for no reason. Christ’s flesh profits us more than anyone else’s in the world. If it profits us nothing, so that the incarnation, death, and resurrection of Christ are of no avail, then "your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished" (1 Cor. 15:17b–18). 
In John 6:63 "flesh profits nothing" refers to mankind’s inclination to think using only what their natural human reason would tell them rather than what God would tell them. Thus in John 8:15–16 Jesus tells his opponents: "You judge according to the flesh, I judge no one. Yet even if I do judge, my judgment is true, for it is not I alone that judge, but I and he who sent me." So natural human judgment, unaided by God’s grace, is unreliable; but God’s judgment is always true. 
And were the disciples to understand the line "The words I have spoken to you are spirit and life" as nothing but a circumlocution (and a very clumsy one at that) for "symbolic"? No one can come up with such interpretations unless he first holds to the Fundamentalist position and thinks it necessary to find a rationale, no matter how forced, for evading the Catholic interpretation. In John 6:63 "flesh" does not refer to Christ’s own flesh—the context makes this clear—but to mankind’s inclination to think on a natural, human level. "The words I have spoken to you are spirit" does not mean "What I have just said is symbolic." The word "spirit" is never used that way in the Bible. The line means that what Christ has said will be understood only through faith; only by the power of the Spirit and the drawing of the Father (cf. John 6:37, 44–45, 65). 

Paul Confirms This
Paul wrote to the Corinthians: "The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a participation in the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not a participation in the body of Christ?" (1 Cor. 10:16). So when we receive Communion, we actually participate in the body and blood of Christ, not just eat symbols of them. Paul also said, "Therefore whoever eats the bread and drinks the cup of the Lord unworthily will have to answer for the body and blood of the Lord. . . . For any one who eats and drinks without discerning the body, eats and drinks judgment on himself" (1 Cor. 11:27, 29). "To answer for the body and blood" of someone meant to be guilty of a crime as serious as homicide. How could eating mere bread and wine "unworthily" be so serious? Paul’s comment makes sense only if the bread and wine became the real body and blood of Christ. 

What Did the First Christians Say?
Anti-Catholics also claim the early Church took this chapter symbolically. Is that so? Let’s see what some early Christians thought, keeping in mind that we can learn much about how Scripture should be interpreted by examining the writings of early Christians. 
Ignatius of Antioch, who had been a disciple of the apostle John and who wrote a letter to the Smyrnaeans about A.D. 110, said, referring to "those who hold heterodox opinions," that "they abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which the Father, in his goodness, raised up again" (6:2, 7:1). 
Forty years later, Justin Martyr, wrote, "Not as common bread or common drink do we receive these; but since Jesus Christ our Savior was made incarnate by the word of God and had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so too, as we have been taught, the food which has been made into the Eucharist by the Eucharistic prayer set down by him, and by the change of which our blood and flesh is nourished, . . . is both the flesh and the blood of that incarnated Jesus" (First Apology 66:1–20). 
Origen, in a homily written about A.D. 244, attested to belief in the Real Presence. "I wish to admonish you with examples from your religion. You are accustomed to take part in the divine mysteries, so you know how, when you have received the Body of the Lord, you reverently exercise every care lest a particle of it fall and lest anything of the consecrated gift perish. You account yourselves guilty, and rightly do you so believe, if any of it be lost through negligence" (Homilies on Exodus 13:3). 
Cyril of Jerusalem, in a catechetical lecture presented in the mid-300s, said, "Do not, therefore, regard the bread and wine as simply that, for they are, according to the Master’s declaration, the body and blood of Christ. Even though the senses suggest to you the other, let faith make you firm. Do not judge in this matter by taste, but be fully assured by faith, not doubting that you have been deemed worthy
of the body and blood of Christ" (Catechetical Discourses: Mystagogic 4:22:9). 
In a fifth-century homily, Theodore of Mopsuestia seemed to be speaking to today’s Evangelicals and Fundamentalists: "When [Christ] gave the bread he did not say, ‘This is the symbol of my body,’ but, ‘This is my body.’ In the same way, when he gave the cup of his blood he did not say, ‘This is the symbol of my blood,’ but, ‘This is my blood,’ for he wanted us to look upon the [Eucharistic elements], after their reception of grace and the coming of the Holy Spirit, not according to their nature, but to receive them as they are, the body and blood of our Lord" (Catechetical Homilies 5:1). 

Unanimous Testimony
Whatever else might be said, the early Church took John 6 literally. In fact, there is no record from the early centuries that implies Christians doubted the constant Catholic interpretation. There exists no document in which the literal interpretation is opposed and only the metaphorical accepted. 
Why do Fundamentalists and Evangelicals reject the plain, literal interpretation of John 6? For them, Catholic sacraments are out because they imply a spiritual reality—grace—being conveyed by means of matter. This seems to them to be a violation of the divine plan. For many Protestants, matter is not to be used, but overcome or avoided. 
One suspects, had they been asked by the Creator their opinion of how to bring about mankind’s salvation, Fundamentalists would have advised him to adopt a different approach. How much cleaner things would be if spirit never dirtied itself with matter! But God approves of matter—he approves of it because he created it—and he approves of it so much that he comes to us under the appearances of bread and wine, just as he does in the physical form of the Incarnate Christ."
NIHIL OBSTAT: I have concluded that the materials
presented in this work are free of doctrinal or moral errors.
Bernadeane Carr, STL, Censor Librorum, August 10, 2004
IMPRIMATUR: In accord with 1983 CIC 827
permission to publish this work is hereby granted.
+Robert H. Brom, Bishop of San Diego, August 10, 2004

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